Logo Medical Science Monitor

Call: +1.631.470.9640
Mon - Fri 10:00 am - 02:00 pm EST

Contact Us

Logo Medical Science Monitor Logo Medical Science Monitor Logo Medical Science Monitor

09 February 2023: Clinical Research

Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in 729 Medical Students in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

David Nugraha 12ABCDEF , Sovia Salamah 34ACEF* , Kevin Luke 12BE , Zefo Kiyosi Wibowo 12BCEF , Andro Pramana Witarto 12BE , Caesariska Deswima 12BE , Nabila Ananda Kloping 12BE , Bendix Samarta Witarto 12BE , Adila Taufik Syamlan 5AE , Abyan Irzaldy 6AE , Maftuchah Rochmanti 7DF , Dewi Ratna Sari 8DF , Sakina Sakina 8DF , Firas Farisi Alkaff 47ADEF*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938892

Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938892

Table 4 Univariate logistic regression analysis for mental health problems.

VariablesDASS-21 N=718
DepressionAnxietyStress
COR (95%CI)p valueCOR (95%CI)p valueCOR (95%CI)p value
 MaleRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Female1.07 (0.76–1.51)0.7131.64 (1.15–2.33)1.49 (1.06–2.11)
1.03 (0.92–1.15)0.6170.84 (0.75–0.95)0.89 (0.80–1.0)
 Java Island (main island)Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Other than Java Island0.96 (0.71–1.31)0.8121.35 (0.97–1.87)0.0761.28 (0.93–1.76)0.130
 Preclinical studentRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Clinical student0.82 (0.54–1.26)0.3690.60 (0.39–0.91)0.0170.59 (0.37–0.86)
 Public universityRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Private university0.96 (0.69–1.33)0.7961.0 (0.71–1.41)0.9860.82 (0.59–1.15)0.251
 ExcellentRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Good or fair0.98 (0.72–1.33)0.8801.29 (0.93–1.79)0.1231.03 (0.75–1.41)0.843
 NoRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Yes1.11 (0.79–1.55)0.5550.59 (0.41–0.85)0.76 (0.54–1.08)0.125
Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 6–8 h/day0.89 (0.55–1.46)0.6501.32 (0.80–2.17)0.2791.18 (0.72–1.93)0.513
 >8 h/day0.99 (0.58–1.70)0.9651.64 (0.94–2.86)0.0851.61 (0.93–2.80)0.091
 Full onlineRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Hybrid0.86 (0.62–1.18)0.3400.64 (0.46–0.89)0.64 (0.46–0.88)
 Full offline0.76 (0.21–2.73)0.6751.08 (0.28–4.23)0.9140.55 (0.16–1.93)0.352
0.63 (0.36–1.09)0.0990.71 (0.38–1.31)0.2700.66 (0.37–1.20)0.175
 3–3.5/4Ref.Ref.0.082Ref.0.081
 >3.5/40.40 (0.23–0.71)0.58 (0.31–1.07)0.59 (0.30–1.07)
 Never infectedRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Self-isolation0.98 (0.67–1.43)0.9261.51 (1.00–2.28)0.0491.05 (0.72–1.55)0.798
 Hospital1.21 (0.47–3.09)0.6932.05 (0.67–6.31)0.2111.30 (0.48–3.52)0.603
 Never infectedRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Asymptomatic-mild0.83 (0.56–1.22)0.3501.37 (0.91–2.61)0.1370.86 (0.59–1.27)0.445
 Moderate-severe2.93 (1.20–7.18)4.10 (1.21–3.92)7.16 (1.67–0.76)
 UnvaccinatedRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Vaccinated0.68 (0.34–1.37)0.2830.93 (0.45–1.96)0.8550.88 (0.43–1.83)0.738
 NoRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Yes1.86 (1.26–2.76)1.89 (1.21–2.96)1.52 (1.00–2.31)
 Never infectedRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Self-isolation1.18 (0.85–1.63)0.3211.79 (1.23–2.45)1.50 (1.08–2.10)
 Hospital1.44 (0.95–2.18)0.0861.49 (0.95–2.27)0.0831.29 (0.85–1.97)0.237
 Never infectedRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Asymptomatic-mild1.12 (0.80–1.57)0.5191.38 (0.97–1.96)0.0703.28 (1.07–10.04)0.120
 Moderate-severe1.47 (1.01–2.14)2.16 (1.43–3.27)1.62 (1.10–2.40)
 NoRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Yes1.07 (0.72–1.58)0.7481.12 (0.74–1.69)0.6051.22 (0.81–1.83)0.334
95% CI – 95% confidence interval; COR – crude odds ratio; COVID-19 – coronavirus disease 2019; DASS-21 – 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.

Your Privacy

We use cookies to ensure the functionality of our website, to personalize content and advertising, to provide social media features, and to analyze our traffic. If you allow us to do so, we also inform our social media, advertising and analysis partners about your use of our website, You can decise for yourself which categories you you want to deny or allow. Please note that based on your settings not all functionalities of the site are available. View our privacy policy.

Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750