22 December 2006
High fat diet modulation of glucose sensing in the beta-cell
Marlon E. CerfMed Sci Monit 2007; 13(1): RA12-17 :: ID: 470156
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is primarily associated with beta-cell failure, insulin resistance and elevated hepatic glucose production. The islet beta-cell is specialized for the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin. Beta-cell failure is characterized by the inability of the beta-cell to secrete suffi cient insulin in response to glucose, which ultimately results in hyperglycemia- the clinical hallmark of Type 2 diabetes. Impairment in glucose sensing contributes to beta-cell dysfunction. The facilitative glucose transporter, GLUT-2, and glucose phosphorylating enzyme, glucokinase, are key for glucose
sensing of the pancreatic beta-cell, the initial event in the pathway for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. There is an increase in dietary fat intake, particularly saturated fat, in both the developing and Westernized world, which predisposes individuals to become obese and to potentially
develop insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction and Type 2 diabetes. A high fat diet is known to reduce both GLUT-2 and glucokinase expression thereby impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, a high fat diet and specifi c free fatty acids, induces oxidative stress and apoptosis which reduces beta-cell mass and compromises beta-cell function. Glucose sensing is the initial event of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion therefore it is imperative to maintain adequate expression levels of GLUT-2 and GK for ensuring normal beta-cell function. The development of pharmaceutical agents that improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion may replenish expression
of these glucose sensing genes after their attenuation by high fat feeding.
Keywords: Blood Glucose - metabolism, Dietary Fats - adverse effects, Insulin - secretion, Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins - metabolism, Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Editorial
01 May 2024 : Editorial
Editorial: First Regulatory Approval for Adoptive Cell Therapy with Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) – Lifileucel (Amtagvi)DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944927
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944927
In Press
12 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Comparing Neuromuscular Blockade Measurement Between Upper Arm (TOF Cuff®) and Eyelid (TOF Scan®) Using Miv...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943630
11 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Enhancement of Frozen-Thawed Human Sperm Quality with Zinc as a Cryoprotective AdditiveMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.942946
12 Mar 2024 : Database Analysis
Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Population-Based Study: Results from SHIP-TREND-1 (St...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943140
12 Mar 2024 : Clinical Research
Preoperative Blood Transfusion Requirements for Hemorrhoidal Severe Anemia: A Retrospective Study of 128 Pa...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943126
Most Viewed Current Articles
17 Jan 2024 : Review article
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
14 Dec 2022 : Clinical Research
Prevalence and Variability of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Patients with Elevated Tryptase LevelsDOI :10.12659/MSM.937990
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937990
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952