15 December 2021: Clinical Research
Risk Factors for Cryptococcal Meningitis Recurrence in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Patients in a Large Chinese Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Treatment Center
Yue Zhou 1AEF , Feng Li 1BCD , Rui Li 1BCD , Yuan Peng 1CD , Mei He 1CD , Fengjun Sun 2ADEF* , Ming Yang 12AEFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.933688
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e933688
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 69 cryptococcal meningitis patients with first onset or recurrence.
| Characteristics | First onset (n=37) | Recurrence (n=32) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.4±14.2 | 46.3±16.7 | 0.196 |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 26/11 | 26/6 | 0.291 |
| Underlying diseases | |||
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 3 (9.4) | 0.095 |
| Malignant tumor | 11 (29.7) | 10 (31.3) | 0.891 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 4 (10.8) | 1 (3.1) | 0.446 |
| Cryptococcal pneumonia | 9 (24.3) | 14 (43.8) | 0.088 |
| Infection in other areas | 33 (89.2) | 26 (81.3) | 0.554 |
| Kidney disease | 1 (2.7) | 2 (6.3) | 0.898 |
| Liver disease | 4 (10.8) | 10 (31.3) | 0.071 |
| Presenting clinical symptoms | |||
| Headache | 34 (91.9) | 28 (87.5) | 0.839 |
| Dizziness/vertigo | 6 (16.2) | 4 (12.5) | 0.925 |
| Fever | 30 (81.1) | 26 (81.3) | 0.986 |
| Vomiting | 13 (35.1) | 9 (28.1) | 0.533 |
| Cough | 16 (43.2) | 22 (68.8) | |
| Abnormal vision | 2 (5.4) | 3 (9.4) | 0.866 |
| Abnormal hearing | 0 (0) | 1 (3.1) | 0.464 |
| Disturbance of consciousness | 2 (5.4) | 0 (0) | 0.495 |
| Altered mental status | 4 (10.8) | 3 (9.4) | 1.000 |
| Weakness | 11 (29.7) | 13 (40.6) | 0.343 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| CD4/CD8 | 0.12 (0.01–0.39) | 0.1 (0.01–0.4) | 0.343 |
| CD4 >100 count/mm | 5 (13.5) | 3 (9.4) | 0.874 |
| HIV viral load (log copy/mL) | 5.18±0.89 | 5.20±0.85 | 0.906 |
| Resistance rate | |||
| Amphotericin B | 2 (5.4) | 6 (18.8) | 0.177 |
| Fluconazole | 3 (8.1) | 4 (12.5) | 0.839 |
| 5-fluorocytosine | 2 (5.4) | 4 (12.5) | 0.539 |
| Itraconazole | 3 (8.1) | 6 (18.8) | 0.342 |
| Voriconazole | 6 (16.2) | 7 (21.9) | 0.549 |
| Treatment plan during hospitalization | |||
| Drug combination | 25 (67.6) | 22 (68.8) | 0.916 |
| Use of recommended chemotherapy regimens | 17 (45.9) | 11 (34.4) | 0.329 |
| Hospital stay (d) | 41.5±16.1 | 28.1±10.8 | |
| Fluconazole treatment after discharge | 33 (89.2) | 29 (90.6) | 1.000 |
| Length of medication continuation after discharge | |||
| 2 (5.4) | 6 (18.8) | ||
| 30–60 d | 19 (51.4) | 21 (65.6) | |
| >60 d | 16 (43.2) | 5 (15.6) | |
| ART treatment | 32 (86.5) | 28 (87.5) | 1.000 |
| ART – antiretroviral therapy. | |||