19 July 2022: Clinical Research
A Retrospective Study from a Single Center in China to Develop a Nomogram to Predict One-Year Mortality in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Who Are Receiving Hemodialysis
Wubin Yao AEG , Yan Shen AE , Huaxing Huang ABCD , Hongli Yang BCD , Xingxing Fang BCD , Lianglan Shen AE*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936092
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936092
Supplementary Table 2 Baseline characteristics of all patients.
| Variables | Total (n=299) | Survival (n=203) | Death (n=96) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, Mean±SD | 60.74±15.21 | 57.13±15.43 | 68.36±11.54 | t=−7.02 | |
| Age, years, n (%) | χ=31.700 | ||||
| 124 (41.47) | 105 (51.72) | 19 (19.79) | |||
| 60–70 | 74 (24.75) | 46 (22.66) | 28 (29.17) | ||
| 70–806 | 78 (26.09) | 43 (21.18) | 35 (36.46) | ||
| 80–90 | 23 (7.69) | 9 (4.43) | 14 (14.58) | ||
| Gender, n (%) | χ=0.001 | 0.973 | |||
| Male | 174 (58.19) | 118 (58.13) | 56 (58.33) | ||
| Female | 125 (41.81) | 85 (41.87) | 40 (41.67) | ||
| BMI, Mean±SD | 24.03±3.77 | 24.28±3.62 | 23.49±4.05 | t=1.70 | 0.091 |
| Primary diseases, n (%) | χ=22.495 | ||||
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 108 (36.12) | 91 (44.83) | 17 (17.71) | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 96 (32.11) | 58 (28.57) | 38 (39.58) | ||
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 44 (14.72) | 27 (13.30) | 17 (17.71) | ||
| Polycystic kidney | 22 (7.36) | 13 (6.40) | 9 (9.38) | ||
| Other* | 29 (9.70) | 14 (6.90) | 15 (15.63) | ||
| Hypertension (Yes), n (%) | 274 (91.64) | 188 (92.61) | 86 (89.58) | χ=0.780 | 0.377 |
| Type of diabetes, n (%) | – | 0.051 | |||
| Normal | 162 (54.18) | 119 (58.62) | 43 (44.79) | ||
| Type I | 4 (1.34) | 3 (1.48) | 1 (1.04) | ||
| Type II | 133 (44.48) | 81 (39.90) | 52 (54.17) | ||
| Hyperlipidemia (Yes), n (%) | 19 (6.35) | 14 (6.90) | 5 (5.21) | χ=0.312 | 0.576 |
| Myocardial infarction or revascularization (Yes), n (%) | 18 (6.02) | 13 (6.40) | 5 (5.21) | χ=0.165 | 0.685 |
| Congestive heart failure (Yes), n (%) | 60 (20.07) | 33 (16.26) | 27 (28.13) | χ=5.724 | 0.017 |
| Stroke (Yes), n (%) | 13 (4.35) | 10 (4.93) | 3 (3.13) | – | 0.560 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (Yes), n (%) | 4 (1.34) | 2 (0.99) | 2 (2.08) | – | 0.596 |
| Other cardiovascular diseases (Yes), n (%) | 11 (3.68) | 5 (2.46) | 6 (6.25) | – | 0.184 |
| History of cancer (Yes), n (%) | 14 (4.68) | 7 (3.45) | 7 (7.29) | – | 0.152 |
| Hypotensive drugs (Yes), n (%) | 267 (89.30) | 185 (91.13) | 82 (85.42) | χ=2.229 | 0.135 |
| Hypoglycemic drugs (Yes), n (%) | 137 (45.82) | 84 (41.38) | 53 (55.21) | χ=5.021 | 0.025 |
| ACEI or ARBs (Yes), n (%) | 19 (6.35) | 15 (7.39) | 4 (4.17) | χ=1.137 | 0.286 |
| β-receptor antagonists (Yes), n (%) | 115 (38.46) | 83 (40.89) | 32 (33.33) | χ=1.571 | 0.210 |
| Statins (Yes), n (%) | 53 (17.73) | 28 (13.79) | 25 (26.04) | χ=6.705 | 0.010 |
| Antiplatelet drugs (Yes), n (%) | 56 (18.73) | 27 (13.30) | 29 (30.21) | χ=12.241 | |
| Diuretic (Yes), n (%) | 196 (65.55) | 123 (60.59) | 73 (76.04) | χ=6.890 | 0.009 |
| UA reduction medicine (Yes), n (%) | 18 (6.02) | 12 (5.91) | 6 (6.25) | χ=0.013 | 0.908 |
| Aldosterone receptor antagonist (Yes), n (%) | 27 (9.03) | 18 (8.87) | 9 (9.38) | χ=0.020 | 0.886 |
| Immunotherapy (Yes), n (%) | 26 (8.70) | 21 (10.34) | 5 (5.21) | χ=2.166 | 0.141 |
| Oncotherapy (Yes), n (%) | 14 (4.68) | 7 (3.45) | 7 (7.29) | – | 0.152 |
| WBC*10/L, M (Q, Q) | 6.50 (5.10, 8.80) | 6.30 (5.10, 8.40) | 6.90 (5.05, 9.30) | Z=0.994 | 0.320 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L, Mean±SD | 80.33±19.29 | 78.13±18.22 | 84.98±20.73 | t=−2.90 | 0.004 |
| PLT*10/L, M (Q, Q) | 158.00 (116.00, 217.00) | 156.00 (115.00, 213.00) | 166.50 (117.00, 232.50) | Z=0.741 | 0.459 |
| Lymphocyte*10/L, M (Q, Q) | 1.00 (0.70, 1.30) | 1.00 (0.70, 1.30) | 0.90 (0.65, 1.35) | Z=−1.146 | 0.252 |
| PLR, M (Q, Q) | 165.29 (118.42, 230.00) | 165.29 (118.89, 225.00) | 164.64 (116.35, 259.34) | Z=0.967 | 0.333 |
| AKP, M (Q, Q) | 66.00 (51.00, 88.00) | 62.00 (49.00, 82.00) | 76.00 (57.50, 106.00) | Z=3.820 | |
| GGT, U/L, M (Q, Q) | 25.00 (15.00, 40.00) | 24.00 (15.00, 35.00) | 29.00 (16.00, 66.00) | Z=2.378 | 0.017 |
| ALB, g/L, Mean±SD | 32.75±5.45 | 33.21±5.20 | 31.79±5.88 | t=2.10 | 0.036 |
| TBIL, μmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 5.10 (3.70, 6.30) | 4.90 (3.60, 6.10) | 5.60 (4.05, 6.80) | Z=2.460 | 0.014 |
| TBA, μmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 2.30 (1.40, 4.50) | 2.40 (1.40, 4.50) | 2.20 (1.40, 4.55) | Z=−0.274 | 0.784 |
| UA, μg/mL, M (Q, Q) | 495.00 (415.00, 585.00) | 495.00 (416.00, 577.00) | 501.25 (408.00, 605.50) | Z=0.557 | 0.577 |
| β microglobulin, μmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 16.40 (11.90, 22.50) | 15.30 (11.40, 21.30) | 17.60 (12.95, 23.35) | Z=2.388 | 0.017 |
| Cr, μmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 754.00 (605.00, 950.00) | 795.00 (643.00, 979.00) | 679.00 (541.50, 870.00) | Z=−4.141 | |
| CysC, mg/L, Mean±SD | 5.31±1.45 | 5.36±1.48 | 5.21±1.40 | t=0.86 | 0.389 |
| eGFR, mL/(min·1.73 m), M (Q, Q) | 5.33 (4.04, 7.05) | 5.11 (3.85, 6.64) | 5.93 (4.54, 7.75) | Z=3.386 | |
| TC, mmol/L, Mean±SD | 4.09±1.24 | 4.10±1.24 | 4.06±1.24 | t=0.24 | 0.808 |
| TG, mmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 1.32 (0.86, 1.89) | 1.32 (0.89, 1.89) | 1.30 (0.84, 1.92) | Z=−0.287 | 0.774 |
| HDL, mmol/L, Mean±SD | 1.04±0.30 | 1.06±0.29 | 1.00±0.31 | t=1.54 | 0.124 |
| LDL, mmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 2.25 (1.68, 2.93) | 2.31 (1.74, 2.95) | 1.94 (1.59, 2.76) | Z=−2.305 | 0.021 |
| APOA, mmol/L, Mean±SD | 0.98±0.26 | 0.99±0.25 | 0.95±0.28 | t=1.15 | 0.249 |
| APOB, mmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.02) | 0.83 (0.66, 1.03) | 0.81 (0.65, 1.01) | Z=−0.517 | 0.605 |
| LIPα, mg/L, M (Q, Q) | 301.00 (158.00, 591.00) | 301.00 (161.00, 548.00) | 298.00 (150.50, 634.50) | Z=0.169 | 0.866 |
| TnI, pg/mL, M (Q, Q) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.09) | Z=0.873 | 0.382 |
| BNP, M (Q, Q) | 12235.00 (4367.00, 35000.00) | 11696.00 (4613.00, 35000.00) | 16906.00 (4001.50, 35000.00) | Z=0.645 | 0.519 |
| Hs-CRP, mg/L, M (Q, Q) | 9.03 (1.93, 28.00) | 6.88 (1.07, 18.09) | 14.25 (4.27, 44.31) | Z=3.887 | |
| TSH, mIU/L, M (Q, Q) | 2.18 (1.26, 3.65) | 2.09 (1.28, 3.73) | 2.24 (1.02, 3.64) | Z=0.133 | 0.895 |
| GLU, mmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 5.14 (4.55, 6.42) | 5.15 (4.60, 5.93) | 5.12 (4.41, 6.90) | Z=0.293 | 0.770 |
| LDH, U/L, M (Q, Q) | 257.00 (210.00, 316.00) | 257.00 (211.00, 320.00) | 256.00 (201.50, 310.00) | Z=−0.431 | 0.667 |
| α-HBDH, U/L, M (Q, Q) | 200.00 (166.00, 243.00) | 199.00 (166.00, 239.00) | 202.00 (165.50, 249.50) | Z=0.544 | 0.587 |
| CK, U/L, M (Q, Q) | 115.00 (73.00, 196.00) | 117.00 (75.00, 210.00) | 114.00 (67.00, 172.50) | Z=−1.199 | 0.230 |
| CK-MB, U/L, M (Q, Q3) | 10.00 (7.00, 13.00) | 10.00 (8.00, 14.00) | 9.50 (7.00, 13.00) | Z=−0.998 | 0.319 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L, Mean±SD | 4.64±0.86 | 4.60±0.80 | 4.72±0.96 | t=−1.04 | 0.301 |
| Serum phosphorus, mmol/L, M (Q, Q) | 1.85 (1.53, 2.20) | 1.87 (1.60, 2.25) | 1.76 (1.40, 2.07) | Z=−2.724 | 0.006 |
| Serum calcium, mmol/L, Mean±SD | 1.98±0.26 | 1.98±0.27 | 1.98±0.23 | t=−0.07 | 0.945 |
| IVST, Mean±SD | 12.17±1.80 | 12.20±1.93 | 12.11±1.49 | t=0.40 | 0.687 |
| LVEDD, Mean±SD | 52.94±5.12 | 53.00±4.96 | 52.83±5.47 | t=0.25 | 0.799 |
| LVESD, Mean±SD | 35.21±5.55 | 35.08±5.21 | 35.47±6.23 | t=−0.52 | 0.600 |
| LVPWT, Mean±SD | 11.33±1.64 | 11.41±1.76 | 11.16±1.37 | t=1.35 | 0.177 |
| LVMW, Mean±SD | 253.49±70.05 | 256.01±74.59 | 248.15±59.34 | t=0.98 | 0.327 |
| Body surface area, Mean±SD | 1.69±0.19 | 1.70±0.19 | 1.66±0.19 | t=1.84 | 0.066 |
| LVML, Mean±SD | 150.34±37.62 | 150.50±39.71 | 150.02±32.96 | t=0.11 | 0.913 |
| Time, M (Q, Q) | 23.30 (12.37, 43.10) | 24.67 (13.00, 44.00) | 21.10 (11.90, 39.42) | Z=−1.187 | 0.235 |
| BMI – body mass index; * other – included systemic lupus erythematosus, gouty nephropathy, obstructive nephropathy, ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis; WBC – white blood cell; PLT – platelets; PLR – platelet/lymphocyte ratio; AKP – alkaline phosphatase; GGT – glutamyl transpeptidase; ALB – albumin; TBIL – total bilirubin; TBA – total bile acid; UA – uric acid; Cr – creatinine; CysC – cystatin C; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; TC – total cholesterol; TG – triglyceride; HDL – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL – low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; APOA – apolipoprotein A; APOB – apolipoprotein B; LIPα – lipoprotein α; TnI – troponin I; BNP – brain natriuretic peptide; Hs-CRP – hypersensitive c-reactive protein; TSH – thyroid-stimulating hormone; GLU – glucose; LDH – lactic dehydrogenase; α-HBDH – α-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase; CK – creatine kinase; CK-MB – creatine kinase-MB; ACEI – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs – angiotensin-receptor blocker; IVST – end-diastolic ventricular septal thickness; LVEDD – left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD – left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVPWT – left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVML – left ventricular mass index. | |||||