17 January 2024: Review Articles
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron Variant
Anna Bednarek 1ACEFG* , Marzena Laskowska 2EDOI: 10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
Background
Functioning of the Immune System During Pregnancy
COVID-19 During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Recommendations for Vaccination of Adolescents and Adults in the Reproductive Period
Recommendations for Vaccination of Pregnant Women – Priorities and Prospects
Vaccinations Against COVID-19, Including Against Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2, Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
The Role of the Doctor, Midwife, and Nurse in the Care of a Pregnant Woman Regarding Immunization
Future Directions
Conclusions
References
Table 2 Vaccinations recommended for pregnant women and during breastfeeding [8,9,10,26].
| Type of vaccination | Trimester of pregnancy | Recommendations for vaccination according to local arrangements |
|---|---|---|
| dTpa (combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) | III, optimally 28–32 weeks of pregnancy | 1 dose, independent of previous vaccination |
| Flu | Regardless of the age of the pregnancy, 2 and 3 recommended | 1 dose of inactivated vaccine |
| COVID-19* | Regardless of the age of pregnancy | 1 dose, if the previous one was given ≥6 months earlier, to protect the pregnant woman, fetus, and infant in the first 6 months of age |
| dTpa – combined vaccine containing tetanus toxoid and reduced doses of diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis antigens. * Vaccines mRNA with updated composition, containing additionally coding mRNA. S-protein of subvariant BA.1–2 or BA.4–5 Omicron; as recommended in June 2023, in the upcoming 2023/2024 season, drug regulatory bodies, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; The ECDC, and the WHO recommend monovalent vaccines and the inclusion of XBB subvariant.1.5. | ||