25 March 2024: Clinical Research
Effect of Standardized Bundle Care and Bundle Compliance on Reducing Surgical Site Infections: A Pragmatic Retrospective Cohort Study
Yu-san Chien 12CDEF , Hsiang-ting Chen 3BC , Hsiu-tzy Chiang 4BC , Tz-shin Luo 5EF , Hung-i Yeh 6AD , Jin-Cherng Sheu 7AF , Jiun-yi Li 235ABCD*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943493
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943493
Table 2 Comparison of patients with and without surgical site infections.
| SSI group (N=74) | Non-SSI group (N=5984) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.3 | 50.9 | 0.608 |
| Male (%) | 33.8% | 28.9% | 0.368 |
| BMI (kg/m) | 25.8 | 25.9 | 0.020 |
| Smoking (%) | 21.6% | 15.7% | 0.197 |
| Diabetes (%) | 16.2% | 13.9% | 0.611 |
| ASA score III–V (%) | 33.8% | 23.6% | 0.053 |
| Emergent operation (%) | 23.0% | 13.1% | 0.022 |
| Operation time ≥4 hours (%) | 18.9% | 12.3% | 0.107 |
| Blood loss ≥1500cc (%) | 2.7% | 0.6% | 0.085 |
| Duration of anesthesia(min) | 196.3 | 172.7 | 0.022 |
| Duration of operation (min) | 159.0 | 136.5 | 0.021 |
| Antibiotics | |||
| – Prophylaxis (%) | 88.9% | 87.0% | 0.934 |
| – Adequate redosing (%) | 96.3% | 99.1% | 0.097 |
| – Duration of post-operative antibiotics (days) | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.217 |
| Glycemic control | |||
| – Pre-operative >180mg/dL (%) | 6.8% | 5.2% | 0.502 |
| – Post-operative >180 mg/dL | |||
| Day 1 (%) | 40.7% | 19.4% | 0.012 |
| Day 2 (%) | 46.2% | 26.2% | 0.118 |
| Pre-operative skin preparation | |||
| – Bath (%) | 30.6% | 43.8% | 0.017 |
| – Clipper use (%) | 40.5% | 56.7% | 0.006 |
| Adequate temperature control (%) | 68.3% | 77.0% | 0.110 |
| Unexpected return to OR (%) | 1.4% | 0.1% | 0.094 |
| Post-operative hospital stay (days) | 8.2 | 5.7 | |
| Total hospital stay (days) | 10.4 | 7.3 | |
| Survival to discharge (%) | 97.3% | 99.5% | 0.064 |
| BMI – body mass index; ASA score – American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA) physical status classification score; SSI – Surgical Site Infection; OR – operating room. | |||