09 April 2024: Review Articles
A Review of the Current Status of Anesthetic Management of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Paweł Radkowski 123ABCDEFG , Maciej Szewczyk 4ABCDEFG* , Klaudia Sztaba 1F , Mariusz Kęska 12FDOI: 10.12659/MSM.943829
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943829
Table 1 Extra-articular symptoms that can be present in rheumatoid arthritis.
| Affected system | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | Cardiovascular disease, valvular dysfunction, electrical conduction abnormalities, cardiac arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension, vasculitis, atherosclerosis, thromboembolic complications, pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, sudden cardiac death |
| Hematopoietic and lymphatic | Anemia, Felty’s syndrome, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly |
| Neurological | Compression of nerve roots, pressure on the cervical spinal cord, peripheral mono/polyneuropathy, autonomic nervous system disorders, dementia, depression |
| Respiratory | Pleuritis, pleural effusions, interstitial lung disease, Caplan syndrome, obliterative bronchiolitis (also called popcorn lung), bronchiectasis, restrictive lung disease |
| Renal | Amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis, renal vasculitis, proteinuria, amyloidosis |
| Eye | Secondary Sjögren’s syndrome, uveitis, scleritis, episcleritis |
| Digestive | Weakened esophageal peristalsis, esophageal and gastroduodenal reflux, reduced secretion of acid and gastric juice, absorption disorders (secondary to inflammatory changes in small and large intestine) leading to metabolic changes |
| Endocrine | Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, hypoparathyroidism |
| Others | Palmar erythema, Raynaud’s phenomenon, pyoderma gangrenosum, rheumatoid nodules, osteoporosis, rheumatoid cachexia |