09 April 2024>: Review Articles
A Review of the Current Status of Anesthetic Management of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Paweł Radkowski 123ABCDEFG , Maciej Szewczyk 4ABCDEFG* , Klaudia Sztaba 1F , Mariusz Kęska 12FDOI: 10.12659/MSM.943829
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943829
Table 2 Drugs adverse effects that can occur during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Drug | Adverse effects | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
NSAIDs | Dyspepsia, gastroduodenal ulcers and its complications (bleeding, perforation) tubulo-interstitial nephritis, type IV renal tubular acidosis and hyperkalemia hypertension, increased cardiovascular risk, elevated transaminases, slower bone regeneration | |||
Glucocorticoids | Osteoporosis, enhancement of the pro-ulcer effects of NSAIDs, gastrointestinal bleeding, iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome | |||
csDMARDs | MTX | Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea), rash/allergic reaction, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity | Interstitial lung disease, alopecia, folic acid deficiency, transaminitis | |
Leflunomide | Alopecia, hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, weight loss | |||
Sulfasalazine | Fatigue, CNS reactions, panhypogammaglobulinemia | |||
Chloroquine | Retinopathy/maculopathy, rash, diarrhea | |||
Hydroxychloroquine | Anemia, leukopenia, myopathy, and cardiomyopathy | |||
Gold compounds | Skin lesions, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria | |||
Cyclosporin | Nephrotoxicity, hypertension | |||
tsDMARDs | Tofacitinib, baricitinib | Infections, embolism, thrombosis, elevation of blood cholesterol levels | ||
bDMARDs | TNF inhibitors | Infliximab | Infections, non-melanoma skin cancers | |
Etanercept | Infections, headache, rhinitis | |||
Certolizumab | Infections, fatigue, mild skin rash | |||
Adalimumab | Infections, pneumonia, celulitis | |||
IL-6 inhibitors | Tocilizumab | Dyslipidemia, elevated levels of liver enzymes, cytopenias | ||
B cell depletion | Rituximab | Infections, infusion reactions, nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, psoriasis | ||
Inhibitors of T-cell co-stimulation | Abatacept | Upper respiratory tract infections, headaches, and nausea | ||
NSAIDs – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; csDMARDs – conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; MTX – methotrexate; CNS – central nervous system; tsDMARDs – targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; bDMARDs – biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; TNF – tumor necrosis factor; IL-6 –interleukin 6. |